www.sportgvp.eu Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA). Neither the European Union nor EACEA can be held responsible for them (Project Number: 101133538). Overview “Sport can contribute to the elimination of discrimination against women and girls by empowering individuals, particularly women, and equipping them with knowledge and skills needed to progress in society. Sport can advocate for gender equality, address constricting gender norms, and provide inclusive safe spaces.” United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace Sport has long been celebrated as a unifying force, breaking down barriers and bridging diverse communities. However, despite its inclusive potential, many—particularly women, girls and marginalised groups—continue to face inequality, harassment, and discrimination. These are significant obstacles in achieving people’s full potential and equal rights and opportunities. There has been a significant increase in reported cases of sexual abuse and exploitation, while gender-based violence (GBV) remains one of the greatest threats to women and girls in Europe and globally (Eurostat, 2024). According to the relevant European Commission’s Study, GBV in sport is widespread across member states, requiring urgent intervention to create safe and inclusive environments (European Commission, 2016). From subtle exclusionary practices to overt harassment and abuse, GBV undermines the integrity of sport and the well-being of those who participate. Addressing GBV in sports is essential not only for protecting the rights of women, girls and other marginalised groups but also for transforming the culture that enables such behaviours to persist. Sport is recognised by the UN Sustainable Development Goal 5 as a tool to promote gender equality by empowering women and challenging harmful gender norms (United Nations, 2023). Sport plays a key role in this process because of its mass power of reach and multiplying effect. By tackling the underlying issues of GBV, we not only prevent it but also improve the overall sports environment, making it more inclusive and respectful for all participants. This holistic approach requires confronting ingrained stereotypes, rethinking unequal dynamics, and fostering environments where respect and inclusivity are non-negotiable across all dimensions of identity. The goal is clear - create safe spaces where athletes, coaches, staff, and fans can thrive without fear of discrimination or harm. GBV is deeply rooted in gender inequality on all societal levels, especially in sport which is typically male-dominated. Cultural and social norms, which promote male dominion also normalise gender discrimination and violence. UN Women’s Sports for Generation Equality Framework emphasises that sport has the potential to lead change by shifting harmful norms and promoting equality (UN Women, 2020). Sport mirrors society, and what happens on the field often echoes far beyond it. Sport has the power to either keep old, harmful stereotypes and norms alive or to break new ground in creating a world where discriminating activities are absent. The prevention of GBV in sports can contribute to challenging inequalities, gender roles and expectations, particularly in the distribution of power, and promote respect, inclusion and equality within teams, organisations, communities, and eventually society as a whole. GBV prevention in sports can foster a culture of empowerment and equity, and contribute to breaking harmful norms and stereotypes, creating safer environments for athletes, especially women. The Role of Sports Professionals in Prevention Sport professionals such as coaches, trainers, administrators, and stakeholders play a crucial role in preventing GBV. Their role is multifaceted, starting from fostering safe environments and implementing preventative policies to advocating for gender equality. The HeForShe campaign by UN Women has mobilised male athletes and sport professionals to challenge gender stereotypes and
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